Sunday 24 February 2013

A Reflection on Bridging Learning Theory, Instruction, and Technology


Reading back over the “Personal Theory of Learning” I developed during week one of this course, I can see that my fundamental beliefs remain the same. I still believe that students learn best through a hybrid combination of the different established theories of learning, especially the cognitive, constructivist, and social learning theories. I still do believe that there is a mental process that must take place in order for connections to be made between new ideas and those already established in one’s understandings. Likewise, I maintain that the communication and collaboration components of the social learning theory play an integral role in an individual’s learning experience. While my beliefs did not change drastically, my general understanding of each of the learning theories has certainly deepened. Instead of only knowing about these theories through the observations made in my classroom and personal learning experiences, I can now identify elements of them in the effective instructional practices used in my classroom. For example, it is now clear to me how the art of summarizing utilizes principles from the cognitivist learning theory, and cooperative group activities support the ideas behind the social learning theory.

An immediate adjustment that I will make to my instructional practice is that I will cultivate the use of educational technology as a learning tool more so than as an informational tool. I can now see that I am guilty, as an educator, of monopolizing the use of technology in my classroom. While educational technology may always play a role in my daily lesson plans, it is disproportionately used as an instructional tool. I would like to make my lessons more student-focused, and I would like to create lessons where students have more of an opportunity to use technology as a learning tool. Two tools that I am especially interested in utilizing in my classroom are VoiceThread and webquests. Both of these tools support the constructivist theory of learning. In each activity, students, or student groups, are required to create an artifact or solve a problem to show their learning. Both activities also embody elements of the social learning theory as they encourage cooperative learning. I am excited to expand my use of VoiceThread and webquests with my students. The practice and opportunity to create useful applications for these tools within our coursework has prepared me to use them in my class.

Looking at my classroom in its current state, I am able to identify two areas that I would like to improve or maintain over the long term. The first goal is to make my classroom into a more student-centered environment, where my students regularly utilize educational technology to construct artifacts, solve problems, and show their learning. The utilization of the resources presented in this course will help me to solve this goal. Incorporating tools such as webquests, advance organizers, VoiceThreads, Power Points, Prezis, concept mapping, wikis, and blogs will provide my students with opportunities to become proficient users of these types of tools. I can work toward this goal by starting small and adding one technology-based, student-focused activity per marking period. I can continue to make additions until I have at least one activity per unit of learning in my curriculum. The second goal that I endeavor to meet is to make my classroom into a place where new ideas and technologies are welcome. Many of my current students will be responsible for using technologies that have yet to be invented when they embark on their career paths. I need to foster an environment where it is permitted, and even encouraged, to experiment with new media and technology. By opening up my plans to the inclusion of new ideas, and staying abreast of innovative resources through learning communities and technological blogs, my classroom will be a place where students can prepare for their futures.

 

Wednesday 6 February 2013

Social Learning in Action


            The social learning theories are built upon the premise that children learn best by working with others to create artifacts to show their understanding. As the name implies, a special importance is placed upon the conversations that result from this kind of group work. In “Social Learning Theories,” Dr. Orey explains that the communication that occurs within this type of learning can help to make a concept more concrete and understandable for a child (Laureate Education, Inc., 2011). Another element of social learning that Orey describes is the creation of a social network within a class (Laureate Education, Inc., 2011). One way that teachers can facilitate this type of networking is by providing their students with cooperative learning experiences. In cooperative learning, “students interact with each other in groups in ways that enhance their learning” (Pitler, Hubbell, Kuhn, Malenoski, 2007, p.139). In a cooperative learning experience, each individual group member’s ability to show understanding is critical to the success of the overall group. Therefore, students work together, and “each individual team member is responsible for learning the material and also for helping the other members of the team learn” (Orey, 2001).


            On last week’s discussion board, based upon the topic of problem-based instruction, I focused on a web quest that I have utilized in my classroom. This web quest requires student groups to act as travel agencies and develop vacation packages to planets in our solar system. While I have already focused on the elements of constructionism present in this web quest, I did not expand upon the social aspects of the activity. Upon grouping students, they each receive a specific job on their team: astronomer, space suit designer, rocket specialist, or travel agent. The group’s goal is to create a complete vacation package that will be accepted by the “investors” who will listen to their presentation. In order to develop this package, each position has its own task-specific research to complete and artifact to create. However, students in each position do not work in isolation. They first “jigsaw” to meet with the other students in the room who share their role. As all of the rocket specialists or travel agents meet together, their conversations are structured so that they discuss the specifics of their assigned responsibilities. Since each child in this group (say, the entire group of spacesuit designers) will later be working with the unique characteristics and elements that are specific to their planet, students are able to utilize this time to brainstorm together about their assigned artifacts. Once each student has a strong grasp of their role, they regroup back with their travel agency partners to plan the specifics of their group presentation and identify the interaction between their jobs and the implications of different characteristics of their planet. Overall, during the web quest, students work with at least two different groupings of classmates to collaborate on alternate aspects of their final projects.


            The example of this web quest shows the connection between cooperative learning and the social learning theories. Cooperative learning is “a teaching strategy which allows students to work together in small groups with individuals of various talents, abilities and backgrounds to accomplish a common goal” (Orey, 2001), and this web quest meets that criteria. The idea that students utilize social skills and teamwork in order to create a final artifact also clearly defines it as an example of social constructionism. In Using Technology with Classroom Instruction that Works, a variety of multimedia, web resources, and communication software are provided as examples of technology-based cooperative learning activities that can be used in a classroom. Key pals, wikis, and Voice Thread are three specific examples of resources that can help to teach students how to collaborate with their peers. The inclusion of this instructional strategy is critical within a classroom because Pitler, Hubbell, Kuhn, and Malenoski (2007) identify that, “to be prepared for the fast-paced, virtual workplace that they will inherit, today’s students need to be able to learn and produce cooperatively” (p. 139). Cooperative learning activities can profoundly help students to develop the skills necessary to be prepared for their futures.

 
            Please visit and comment on my static electricity voice thread in order to see collaboration in action: http://walden.voicethread.com/share/4099120/

 
References:

Laureate Education, Inc. (Producer). (2011). Program eight: Social learning theories [Video webcast]. Bridging learning theory, instruction and technology. Retrieved from http://laureate.ecollege.com/ec/crs/default.learn?CourseID=5700267&CPURL=laureate.ecollege.com&Survey=1&47=2594577&ClientNodeID=984650&coursenav=0&bhcp=1
 

Orey, M. (Ed.). (2001). Emerging perspectives on learning, teaching, and technology. Retrieved from http://projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/index.php?title=Main_Page
 

Pitler, H., Hubbell, E., Kuhn, M., & Malenoski, K. (2007). Using technology with classroom instruction that works. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.